The Clinic helped to protect critical online speech by submitting amicus briefs to the Fourth Circuit in Lamparello v. Falwell, and the Ninth Circuit in Bosley Medical Institute v. Kremer, on behalf of two groups of intellectual property law faculty, urging the important principle that, consistent with First Amendment values, use of a trademark as a domain name to identify a “gripe” or critical commentary website must occur in a commercial context before it can violate federal trademark laws.